Projeto, construção e avaliação de um pasteurizador de leite alternativo para comunidades rurais

Abstract

A pasteurizer was developed and constructed as na alternative for the use of the method of slow pasteurisation. This device is intended to the producers of Milk and its by-products at small scale. The pasteuriser has the capacity for using 32 litres of milk and 55 litres of water inthe bath. The design and operational parameters such as, pasteurisation temperature at de 63°C, 65°C, 67°C e 69°C, with the bath temperature of 80°C as well as the fluid agitation, mechanically at 147 rpm and manually at 86 rpm at the region where the least heat transfer occurred were evaluated. The following results were obtained using raw milk: pH(6.0-7.5), acidity(14-16°D), density(1.029-1.035 g/ml), EST(11.84-14.05¢), ESD(8.23-10.00%) and the fat content(3.7-4.5%). The mesphiles count varied between 105 and 106 in raw milk, and 102 and 103 in pasteurised milk. The count of faecal coliforms in raw mil kwas 110 NMP/ml and in pasteurised milk in three counts varied between (0.36-2.3) NMP/ml, while in the other two experiments they were negative. The efficiency of the pasteurisation process varied between 75.0 to 99.9%. biochemical analysis of the pasteurised milk showed the enzymatic activities of phosphatase being negative and that of peroxidase positive, indicating an efficient pasteurisation