Turismo e resistência à segregação socioespacial: a revolução periférica do Complexo Baianão na cidade de Porto Seguro, Bahia

Abstract

Socio-spatial segregation is considered as territorial separation through social stratification, based on characteristics such as income, culture and race, created by hegemonic groups. In tourist destinations, these groups are represented by large national and foreign entrepreneurs in the tourism and real estate trade, supported by neoliberal policies, who contribute to the formation of peripheral areas and inequalities. This is the reality of the tourist destination Porto Seguro and its largest and most populous peripheral area, the Complexo Baianão. However, in contrast, there is resistance from those affected by unequal relations of power and power. Resistance occurs in various forms; Lefebvre and Harvey call it an urban revolution, when individuals and disadvantaged social groups join forces in movements that seek another city, one that is more just, egalitarian and representative of its inhabitants. In the Complexo Baianão, this resistance is carried out by the movements Ateliê Cultivo de Poesia, Batalha do Complexo, Brasil Chama África, Café dus Pretus, Coletivo Jovem Muká Mukaú, Lambe Lambe Porto Seguro, Levante Popular da Juventude, Movimento LGBTQIAPN+, Rua Juventude Anticapitalista and Sarau Odara. In this sense, the objective of this work is to understand how social resistance movements in the Baianão Complex, the largest outskirts of Porto Seguro/BA, contribute to confronting socio-spatial segregation induced by tourist urbanization in the city. The research is qualitative and data collection occurred through documentary research, non-participant observation in the Complexo Baianão, semi-structured interviews with the public administration of Porto Seguro and with the social movements of the Complexo Baianão. Data analysis was based on categorical content analysis. The results show that the municipal public administration of Porto Seguro, through the current neoliberal global political paradigm, handed the territory over to hegemonic agents and, on the other hand, encouraged the creation of the Complexo Baianão, a peripheral neighborhood, designed and planned to be a place of residence for individuals with similar financial, cultural and racial characteristics, who work in the jobs and underemployment generated by the tourist activity. The social and popular movements of the Complexo Baianão emerge to make an urban revolution, which begins in the streets and squares of the group of neighborhoods and is gradually spreading to other areas of the city. The aim is to reclaim the spaces that were taken, the autonomy now lost, as well as the valorization of the peripheral identity. The strategies of these movements are through cultural interventions, occupation of political spaces, demonstrations and acts in public spaces and through the educational awareness of children and young people who are the proposal of the next generation to make the revolution in Porto Seguro. Furthermore, the Complexo Baianão itself stands as a space of resistance in the territory, opposed to the dynamics of the tourist atmosphere present in the city.