Matriz de competências na área de ultrassonografia para um Programa de Residência Médica em Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem

Abstract

The medical training process in Brazil and around the world has been improving in recent decades, mainly due to changes in the structure of medical curriculum. Competency-based teaching has been the main focus of curricular changes, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as it strives for quality training results. These are the objectives that every student must achieve at the end of the course, with the preceptor as an indispensable agent in this process when taking on the challenge of combining teaching with care work. To standardize the training process in these environments, there is a need to develop competency matrices for each specialty. The Medical Residency Programs in Radiology and Imaging Diagnosis (PRM-RDI) encompass several subspecialties, including Ultrasonography, which has peculiar characteristics. In this context, there is a lack of clarity regarding specific competencies for Ultrasonography. This study sought to determine the Ultrasonography Competency Matrix for the PRM-RDI of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. It is an exploratory descriptive study that had the participation of nine preceptors and was developed in two stages: 1) documentary analysis of protocols and guidelines for the preparation of the initial semi-structured competency matrix; 2) collective construction of the final competency matrix using the Delphi method. After three rounds of interactive questionnaires between November 2022 and April 2023, with closed and open questions, a consensus of participants' opinions was reached and the final competency matrix was obtained. Coherence was observed between the quantitative aspect of the answers to the closed questions and the opinions of the participants in the open questions. The highest rate of agreement occurred between general competencies, with its teaching methods, specific competencies in the medical areas that are most developed by preceptors, and competencies for the first year of Medical Residency. The highest rate of disagreement occurred between assessment methods and in some activities with little or no training opportunities. The final competency matrix was constructed respecting the requirements of official guidelines established in the area of diagnostic imaging and the particularities of practice scenarios, valuing the actors involved.