Índice de Insuficiência Socioeconômica Multidimensional: uma aplicação para as capitais brasileiras (2016-2022)

Abstract

This study empirically and descriptively characterizes socioeconomic insufficiency in Brazilian capitals, based on the Multidimensional Socioeconomic Insufficiency Index (IISM), a methodology developed by Trovão, Silva Júnior and Araújo (2023). This approach measures the insufficiency of access to essential elements for social reproduction across six dimensions: (1) Education; (2) Employment; (3) Current income and wealth; (4) Housing conditions; (5) Access to individually used consumer goods; and (6) Access to collectively used public goods and services. To this end, data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD-C) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the years 2016, 2019, and 2022 were used. The capitals were grouped based on their socioeconomic characteristics in ascending order according to the IISM value and subsequently divided into four strata to represent four levels of socioeconomic insufficiency (low, medium-low, medium-high, and high). The results of the IISM application in Brazilian capitals revealed the persistence of regional inequalities, with the capitals of the North and Northeast presenting the lowest access rates to essential public goods and services, reinforcing the disparities between the capitals of major metropolitan areas and those in more peripheral regions. This scenario highlights the need for investments in social infrastructure to expand and improve access to basic public goods and services.