Abordagens moleculares e citogenéticas na validação taxonômica de espécies da tribo Amphiprionini (Pomacentridae: Teleostei) comercializadas no Brasil

Abstract

Clownfish (Tribe Amphiprionini), originating from the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, are among the taxonomic groups of greatest commercial interest in the marine ornamental industry. In Brazil, basic information about marine ornamental fish species, as well as genomic and cytogenetic characterizations, is limited, making it challenging to estimate the current diversity and origin of commercially traded species and hybrids, thus hindering their traceability and proper management. This work aimed to make a quantitative and qualitative survey of the main marine ornamental fish species traded in Brazil and contribute to the prospection of molecular and cytogenetic biodiversity of the main species of Amphiprionini in the national’s market. Samples from the most representative commercial species were obtained in specialized stores and ornamental fish husbandry in Brazil. Species and interspecific hybrids were ranked according to the volume of individuals sold, establishing their origin and taxonomic designation or popular names. The species were taxonomically validated through the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA strands (COI) and subsequent comparisons with sequences deposited in GenBank. Additionally, the seven most representative species were submitted to cytogenetic analysis using conventional methodologies (Giemsa, Cbanding and Ag-RONs staining). The market analysis from the year 2015 to 2021, gathered with genetic information from clownfish species provided a biotechnological basis for taxonomic identification, fisheries management and genetics’ improvement. Data indicated this fish group is the most popular among ornamental marine species in the Brazilian market. Data generated contribute to strengthening of national marine ornamental fish farming. Additionally, the results have an impact on biological conservation, through the expansion of captive production and the consequent mitigation of extractive exploitation in natural environments.