Nuances do cuidar: percepções das cuidadoras de estudantes com deficiência

Abstract

This research approaches the study on the health-disease processes and care of people caring for students with disabilities at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). In this way, it was applied surveys to the advisors of the Support Center for People with Special Educational Needs (NAPNE) in order to carry out a survey of the services provided, as well as the number of students with disabilities assisted throughout the State of Rio Grande do Norte in the IFRN by these Centers. In addition, we carried out a documentary analysis of the registration forms of students with disabilities at the IFRN, in order to select people caring for students with disabilities, at the IFRN in Currais Novos-RN. We also performed semi-structured changes with the selected people, using a thematic analysis to capture the data. We based on the theoretical-methodological perspective of Alfred Schutz's phenomenology, in order to understand from our interlocutors how they propose to describe their experiences in the caring for themselves and the other, how they represent and create their health process disease and care. From the narratives analysis, four analytical categories emerged: 1) The barriers of care; 2) Perception of caregivers about their care process; 3) Solitude in caring for the other and, 4) Caring in times of pandemic at COVID-19. By main results, we are faced with the need to bring educational institutions closer to the families of students with disabilities, which would primarily benefit the students themselves, resulting in practices for a concrete social inclusion; as well in needing to build spaces for listening and speaking by caregivers in the most varied social environments in order to take care of the caregivers. We emphasize results that the role of care is still socially assigned to women; that the experiences of care in the interviews were prevailed by social barriers for people with disabilities and; that, for the most part, caregivers experienced overload arising from care. We consider the role of the caregiver fundamental for the process of health, education and inclusion of people with disabilities, but it is necessary to discuss the economics of care for mothers of people with disabilities. This is because, thinking about the care of people with disabilities involves building an intersectoral support network, taking into account the care of caregivers as subjects of rights as well.