A contribuição do mercado livre de energia para a redução de custos: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The Brazilian electric sector has undergone several transformations over the years, culminating in the creation of the concept of free consumers and independent power producers, as well as the establishment of the wholesale electricity market through Federal Law 9.074/1995. This law provided greater freedom of choice and predictability for large consumers. Starting in January 2024, all Group A consumers, which include those in medium and high voltage categories, were granted the right to choose their electricity supplier through Normative Ordinance 50/2022. This study analyzed the potential for cost reduction through the migration process to the Free Energy Market (ACL), using a private hospital located in RN as a reference. The research investigated the historical and regulatory context of the Brazilian electric sector, the advantages and disadvantages of the Free Energy Market compared to the regulated market, and the rules for migration. Using an economic analysis, the study estimated the potential cost savings for the hospital by migrating to the Free Energy Market. Different tariff flag scenarios were used to quantify costs in the Captive Market and possible savings in the Free Market. The results indicate that migrating to the Free Energy Market for the consumer under study can provide significant cost savings for the hospital. Retail consumers should evaluate their consumption patterns and conduct a detailed analysis before migrating to the Free Energy Market (ACL). Hiring specialized technical support is essential to optimize the transition and maximize savings. Additionally, the flexibility and cost predictability in the ACL allow for better energy management. The savings generated can be strategically reinvested in modernization and innovation, promoting sustainability and efficiency.