Diferenciais regionais nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e fatores associados na população adulta brasileira em 2019

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes mellitus, represent a major challenge to global health. In 2019, these diseases were responsible for 738,371 deaths in Brazil, of which 41.8% occurred prematurely. NCDs are influenced by a variety of risk factors, classified as non-modifiable, such as sex, age, and genetics, or modifiable, including smoking, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and an unhealthy diet, characterized by inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. The present study aims to analyze regional differences in risk behaviors related to non-communicable diseases and the factors associated with these behaviors in the Brazilian population aged 30 to 69 years, in 2019. The choice of this age group is justified by being aligned with the focus of the Strategic Action Plan for Addressing NCDs and for representing a productive phase of life, in which premature deaths have a significant impact on public health and socioeconomic development. To achieve this purpose, data from the 2019 National Health Survey will be used. The dependent variables of the study are: smoking, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. The independent variables consist of a set of sociodemographic and health characteristics. Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus, represent a significant challenge to global health. In 2019, these illnesses were responsible for 738,371 deaths in Brazil, of which 41.8% occurred prematurely. Chronic diseases are influenced by several risk factors, which can be classified as nonmodifiable, such as sex, age and genetics, or modifiable, including smoking, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and an unhealthy diet, characterized by inadequate consumption. of fruits and vegetables. The present study aims to analyze regional differences in risk behaviors related to chronic non-communicable diseases and the factors associated with these behaviors in the Brazilian population between 30 and 69 years old, in 2019. The choice of this age group is justified because it is aligned with the focus of the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling NCDs and representing a productive phase of life, in which premature deaths have a significant impact on public health and socioeconomic development. To achieve this purpose, data from the 2019 National Health Survey were used. The dependent variables of the study are: smoking, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. The independent variables consist of a set of sociodemographic and health characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression models with robust variance to explore associations between behavioral risk factors and independent variables, estimating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, along with respective confidence intervals. 95%. The results reveal that the North region has the highest prevalence of physical inactivity during free time or leisure (77.1%) and the inadequate consumption of vegetables and vegetables (76.8%). The Northeast region was more prevalent for inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (73.3%) and simultaneity of risk factors (66.3%). In the Central-West region, the highest prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption stands out (19.5%). As for the South region, there is a higher prevalence of physical inactivity during free time or leisure (76.5%) and smoking (16%). Finally, in the Southeast region, the highest prevalence is for smoking (16.5%).