Desenvolvimento de matrizes poliméricas avançadas para a estabilização de perovskitas inorgânicas à base de Bi para aplicação fotovoltaica

Abstract

Faced with the progressive advance of global warming and its alarming climate consequences, the adoption of sustainable policies that enable a rapid and efficient energy transition has been used throughout the world. In this context, the development of new technologies capable of meeting energy needs with minimal environmental impact becomes highly renowned tools. Among the renewable resources available, photovoltaic devices stand out due to their unlimited and freely accessible source. Its development may involve several technologies, with perovskites (crystalline semiconductor material) being particularly prominent given their low cost, adjustable bandgap and good efficiency. Even so, a series of disadvantages of this material are found in the instability of these structures, as they undergo changes due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors are normally avoided in the cell by the use of polymeric matrices, a material used to isolate the crystalline part of the perovskite. To act as an encapsulating agent, polymers must be transparent, with good adhesion, low interaction with water, etc. Therefore, this work consists of the development of a high conversion copolymer based on butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) to act as an encapsulating agent for the inorganic perovskite Cs3Bi2I9, in order to minimize its degree of manipulation as a function of time. Three copolymers (S1, S2 and S3) were synthesized, which present high conversion, low visible light and no interaction with water, offering opportunities for application in real devices. The behavior of S3 was considered one of the most promising due to its high conversion (99.17%) and partially hydrophobic, being chosen for an exploratory study of the effect of encapsulation on the optical properties of Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite films. Its application showed promising qualitative results, with greater spectral stability for encapsulated films.