Ativando a segurança arquitetônica: o programa arquitetônico e as medidas ativas de segurança contra incêndio

Abstract

The development of Fire Protection projects in Brazil is the responsibility of civil engineers and architects. However, there is a gap in the education of architects and urban planners regarding active Fire Protection measures, which often leads to incompatibilities between the architectural design and active Fire Protection systems. As key decision-makers in the development process, architects should have autonomy and the ability to anticipate and provide input on active Fire Protection measures, ensuring adequate levels of quality in the building according to its architectural program. In light of this situation, the objective of this study was to analyze the interaction between the architectural program and active Fire Protection systems, aiming to identify characteristics of the architectural program that anticipate the demands of active Fire Protection in the designed space. The study is based on three atacarejo building projects planned for implementation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, following the guidelines of Ordinance No. 346/18, which establishes technical requirements and fire prevention and safety measures in the state. The methodology included literature reviews, case studies, and analyses of the selected projects. An analysis of the projects was also conducted based on the categories of the architectural program, seeking to identify the characteristics that anticipate the demands of active Fire Protection. Incompatibilities were identified between the active Fire Protection measures and the designed space, resulting in post-design adjustments. These discrepancies revealed a lack of solutions that could have been foreseen in the original architectural programming phase, allowing for inadequate solutions for building use. Based on these findings, characteristics of the architectural program were presented to assist architects in anticipating the demands of active Fire Protection in the architectural design. Thus, the research achieved its objectives by identifying these characteristics, with the expectation that it will contribute to the development of architectural projects that consider Fire Protection and deepen the understanding of fire-related issues in the context of architectural design.