Tudo igual ou diferente? Escalas, apropriações e externalidades na produção habitacional da COHAB/RN

Abstract

This dissertation contributes to the expansion of the debate on the different contexts that are inserted in the actions of the housing policy, with emphasis on the housing developments of the Banco Nacional de Habitação (BNH). The research aims to analyze the production of COHAB in different spatial scales (municipalities and enterprises) and the relationships of appropriations and externalities. Six housing complexes are used as case studies – Presidente Castelo Branco, Santa Maria Goretti, Abolição III, Igapó, Jiqui e Panatis – located in the municipalities of Caicó, Currais Novos, Mossoró and Natal, analyzing the contexts of urban insertions and changes in land use, considering the intra and extra-set differences. The research is based on a literature review with an emphasis on the historical recovery of BNH's performance as a housing producer agent. This review also involved understanding the concepts of scale, – the key analytical category of the present research – appropriations and externalities. In order to understand the objects, a documentary survey of the urban aspects of the analyzed sets was carried out, which were provided by Companhia de Processamento do Rio Grande do Norte – DATANORTE, by Companhia Estadual de Habitação e Desenvolvimento Urbano (CEHAB), collection of the research group Estúdio Conceito – UFRN and data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the construction of charts and thematic maps. This information was systematized with a spatial reading of this production through tools of Geographic Information Systems - GIS. The field survey stage was also carried out in 2023, as part of the activities of the Research Project entitled “Habitação social no Rio Grande do Norte: do Banco Nacional de Habitação ao Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida”. On that occasion, the current uses and occupation of the land were identified and the empirical survey was carried out photographically. The research findings reveal that sets of the same scale, located in municipalities of different sizes, present different appropriations and externalities, making it impossible to construct a single prism to approach the analysis of public housing production.