A influência do uso de cigarros eletrônicos nos tecidos peri-implantares: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Dental implants are considered the best option for rehabilitation of edentulous portions. In order to establish the success and survival of the implant, supportive treatment is necessary to identify potential risk factors in the patient, such as a history of periodontal disease, which may predispose to the development of peri-implant diseases, pathologies characterized by the presence of inflammation in the peri-implant tissues. In this perspective, there are studies in the literature that emphasize the association between nicotine-based devices and the manifestation of inflammation in tissues surrounding the implants. Therefore, with the intention of promoting greater depth in this topic, this objective review gathered publications that address the influence of electronic cigarettes on the progression of peri-implant diseases. A search for studies was carried out in the electronic databases: PubMedMedline, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: Studies from 2015 onwards, in English or Portuguese, that analyzed peri-implant clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers reported by individuals who had toxic implants and were either e-cigarette users or non-smokers. From the search in the databases, 123 publications with potential for inclusion in the review synthesis were selected; however, after filtering, in accordance with the established inclusion criteria, 7 articles were included for data analysis. In general, the research focused on measuring the clinical-radiographic parameters of tested groups, i.e. smokers, compared to the same data from controlled groups. In this way, indexes such as probing depth, bleeding on probing and bone loss were identified, in addition to the quantification of biological markers present in the peri-implant sulcular fluid or saliva. The selected studies will present strong evidence on the influence of e-cigarettes on the development of peri-implant diseases; however, it is not possible to determine that vaporizers are a risk factor for peri-implant diseases, due to the fragility observed in the included studies.