Estado nutricional de estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas de Santa Cruz/RN

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The nutritional status of adolescents plays a fundamental role in current and future health, as adolescence is a critical period for growth and development. Changes in dietary patterns, marked by increased consumption of ultraprocessed foods and a higher prevalence of sedentary behaviors, have contributed to the rise in overweight and obesity cases, which may become risk factors for the development of chronic diseases and premature mortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of high school students in public and private schools in Santa Cruz/RN. METHODS: A cross-sectional and observational study with 148 participants, evaluated through anthropometric data, including weight, height, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds, assessed using anthropometric indicators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: The results indicated a significant prevalence of excess weight (29.1%), with 19.6% classified as overweight and 9.5% as obese, values above the expected proportion for the +1 z score of the standard normal distribution (15.87%). The adequate height-for-age proportion predominated, with stunting being more frequent among students from public schools. Regarding waist circumference and body fat percentage, the elevated values found indicate future metabolic and cardiovascular risks. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study reinforce the need for preventive strategies and interventions in the school environment, focusing on promoting healthy eating habits and regular physical activity. Additionally, they highlight the relevance of integrated public policies for comprehensive adolescent health care, aiming to prevent the worsening of overweight indices and their long-term consequences.