Atuação fonoaudiológica em leito em pacientes disfágicos em um hospital referência em urgência e emergência

Abstract

In the hospital, the phonoaudiologist can actively contribute to the multiprofessional team through assessment, prevention, and rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia, aiding in the safety and efficiency of the swallowing, and minimizing aspects which interfere in the patient’s quality of life. This study aims to analyze scientific production regarding phonoaudiological action in the hospital in cases of oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults. This research is of exploratory and descriptive nature, through integrative review of literature. To this end After selecting the theme, searches were performed in databases available online in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was guided by the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): “Fonoaudiologia”, “Deglutição”, “Transtornos de deglutição”, “Leito hospitalar”, and “Hospital” for the platforms LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO. In Spanish, the following terms were searched: “Terapia del habla”; “Deglución”; Transtornos de la deglución”; Adulto”; “Cama de Hospital” and “Hospital”. The following Mesh Terms were utilized for the search in PUBMED and BVS: “Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences”; “Swallowing”; “Swallowing disorders”; “Bed Capacity Hospital” and “Hospital” with frame from 2010 to 2020. With these descriptors in the databases, using the operator “AND”, 138 articles were found, from which 27 articles were selected. Following the analysis, a heterogeneity could be observed among the studies. They addressed various types of patients, descriptions of assessments and risk indexes for dysphagia. Besides emphasizing the applicability of specific therapeutical resources on the rehabilitation of the dysphagic patient. Thus, 14 studies approached assessment and 13 approached phonoaudiological intervention on the dysphagic patient. It can be concluded that there is a heterogeneity among studies, approaching several themes, even though there is also a lack a studies regarding phonoaudiological action in the hospital with adult dysphagic patients, from assessment to complete rehabilitation of their swallowing function.