Síndrome dos ovários policísticos: análise de uma década de avanços e perspectivas - uma revisão abrangente da síndrome dos ovários policísticos

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition affecting women, impacting metabolic homeostasis, and the cardiovascular system. This study reviews multiple diagnostic criteria, clinical characteristics, multifactorial etiology, associations with comorbidities, epidemiology, history, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and current treatment perspectives. Utilizing the PubMed database, a journal review of the last 5 years was conducted, excluding distinct endocrine conditions and ensuring the relevance and timeliness of the included articles. PCOS presents varied prevalence by diagnostic criteria, with documented history dating back to the XVIII. The evolution of diagnostic criteria reflects the complexity of the syndrome. Hormonal disturbance, insulin resistance, epigenetic factors, and exposure to environmental agents contribute to the complex pathophysiology of PCOS, influencing ovulatory function, ovarian morphology, and triggering inflammatory processes. Diagnosis involves exclusionary screening, utilizing clinical exams, transvaginal ultrasound, and hormonal assessment. International criteria are discussed, including consideration of Anti-Müllerian Hormone as an additional marker. Despite the lack of specifically approved medications for PCOS, various approaches, including lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical interventions, are discussed. Management aims for treatment personalization, considering weight loss, medications such as combined oral contraceptives, and metformin. PCOS is a challenging condition requiring a personalized approach. A comprehensive understanding of diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options is crucial for effective clinical management, considering long-term impacts on reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.