De onde vem para onde vai SIDA? Caminhos possíveis para erradicação da epidemia de HIV a partir do tempo presente

Abstract

As the fourth decade of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil approaches, the epidemic context in the country has extremely complex new characteristics. In 2016, what we find in Brazil is a picture of resurgence of the epidemic with a new profile centered in males who have sex with males, chemical dependents, young gays and sex workers; reduction on international investments; and the upsurge of conservative sectors against public policies, restraining the epidemic approach based on human rights. At the same time, the United Nations affirm that it is possible to eradicate the epidemic of HIV/AIDS until 2030. The general purpose of this research is to understand and to assess experiences of people who live the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the present context of adoption of therapeutic strategies in order to achieve national and international goals of eradication of the epidemic until 2030. Two central research strategies have been adopted: interviews focused on life stories and documentary research. The later assessed documents produced by the United Nations System that address the global policy of confrontation of the epidemic in the period from 2000 to 2016, in a total of 27 documents.The researcher has also explored official documents about the Brazilian Policy of Control and Eradication of the epidemic, from 1999 to 2016, and the Epidemiologic Bulletins of HIV/AIDS, from 2001 to 2016, in a total of 24 documents. Five health professionals and four users have been interviewed. The interpretive exercise of the interviews, with emphasis on life stories, was referenced in Sociology of Emergencies, Translation Work and in the Ecology of Knowledge, inspired by Boaventura de Souza Santos, who sought on local speech what, from the experience and expectation of the subjects who experience the care to the people living with HIV routinely, affirmed or denied knowledge and practices, new and old, and identified possibilities of future that are being built in the present through care practices concerned with the future of individuals and collectivities. The Translation work between narratives of subjects that produce local knowledge and practices and the official narrative that produces global knowledge from the argumentative work of the researcher was based on the analysis of the empirical material produced on the research and from the theoretical framework that has been adopted. From this work of translation between global, national and local knowledge and practices, prevention emerged as the most neglected stage of HIV/aids care and, thus, the most prone to setbacks, at the same time that we notice a pluralism of practical knowledge associated to it. Setting the epistemological path oriented by the ecology of knowledge, we identified the insufficiency of the image associated to combination prevention proposed by the Health Ministry in the representation of practices announced by different actors as being the ones with the capability of conciliation, provoking the need for its expansion. For this reason, based on the results of the study, we propose an alternative representation of the combination prevention mandala that embodies other aspects of the care applicable to the combination prevention. The interpretive exercise of approximation between different knowledge highlighted the need to put people, community and specially the right to prevention in the center of the responses to the confrontation of the epidemic of HIV/aids, if we want to understand the reinvention of the present more than projecting a future.