Avaliação da maturidade da cultura de segurança em Parques Eólicos brasileiros: aplicação do Modelo de Bradley

Abstract

At the beginning of the 1970s, several countries began to question the use of energy sources from fossil sources and non-renewable resources, since their depletion would be inevitable and, above all, because the emission of toxic gases and particulate matter that deposits in the atmosphere grew frantically, threatening the quality of life on Earth for generations to come. In this sense, it was essential to change the energy matrix, which led to the expansion of the search for clean energy sources. Among these matrices, wind, that is, the generation of wind energy, which since the 1990s has been growing all over the world, including in Brazil, a geographically privileged country in this sector, where, in 2021, there were 84 wind farms in the construction phase. Projects and 21 under construction, and therefore a significant number of workers involved and accidents occurring on construction sites. However, a lack of data on these occurrences was observed, although it is estimated that there is underreporting of such accidents. It is a fact that civil construction (despite already published Occupational Safety standards) has a high rate of accidents on its construction sites, which may be related to the organizational culture widespread in these projects. This scenario motivated the formulation of the following research question: what is the influence of organizational culture on compliance with the standards implemented by Occupational Health and Safety programs in the construction of Brazilian wind farms? Therefore, the general objective of this study is to analyze the influence of organizational culture on compliance with the standards implemented by Occupational Health and Safety programs in the construction of Brazilian wind farms. To this end, a case study of an applied nature was prepared, having as its object two wind farm construction sites (one located in Bahia, the other in Rio Grande do Norte). According to the objectives of the study, the research design is descriptive and exploratory, and its logical argumentation followed the inductive method. Secondary data were collected through bibliographical research and primary data by the researcher himself, through systematic participant observation, supported by the field diary. The Bradley curve was used to frame the data on the number of accidents and the maturity of the organizational safety culture in the two wind farms studied. The analysis of the results followed a qualitative approach. As a result, it was evident that the two works researched (Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte) are in the reactivity phase, as demonstrated by the number of occurrences and the respective Bradley Curves. In this sense, it was noticed that senior leaders have very low involvement with Occupational Safety processes, which may be due to the short period of time that each project takes (wind farm construction project). Therefore, there was a lack of maturity in the safety culture, in other words, it seems that worker safety is not a priority for senior leadership.