Fim de ciclo do governo pós-neoliberal no Brasil: o PT, o Estado e o golpe institucional

Abstract

Latin America is facing a sort of “end cycle” of the governments that were known as “progressives” or “post-neoliberals”. This heterogeneous group of political forces attained the highest posts of command as a product of the weakening process of the neoliberal parties in the end of the 1990s, and of the economic crisis in Latin America in the early 2000s. Forces self-declared “national and popular” – as “kirchnerism” in Argentina, the government of Evo Morales in Bolivia, Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, and the Workers’ Party in Brazil – ascended to the presidency of these countries with a program of revenue redistribution and social inclusion, aiming to assimilate movements that opposed the neoliberal offensive within a platform of collaboration with local capitalists. Our aim was to find some of the reasons that called forth the reversal of the post-neoliberal political landscape in Brazil. This process resulted – amid severe contradictions – in the rearrangement of political forces traditionally belonging to the right-wing spectrum, after the parliamentary-judiciary coup d'etat in 2016, that ultimately led to the electoral triumph of Bolsonaro in 2018, aided by the Supreme Court of Justice and the tutelage of the Armed Forces. Methodologically, we went through the study of the conception of the State in the early discussions of foundation within the Workers’ Party, also in its National Congresses in the 80s, navigating through its policies when head of the State, in dialogue with some of the scholars who dedicated studies about this topic. We concluded that some of the reasons that explain this "reversal" in Brazil's political landscape are to be found in the Worker's Party own policies. The cornerstones of economic policies originated in the 90s and that had deepened in the Workers’ Party governments – specially the increasing process of outsourcing – and the further austerity measures adopted in Dilma Rousseff's second term collaborated in the strengthening of right-wing forces which attained power after 2016.