Importância da prevenção de câncer de colo uterino na população transgênero

Abstract

In this booklet, the transgender population in Brazil is addressed, highlighting the lack of specific public policies for transgender men with uteruses in the context of cervical cancer. Research indicates that approximately 2% of the Brazilian population identifies as transgender or non-binary. The importance of gender affirmation, including hormonal therapy and surgery, for transgender men is emphasized, along with concerns about the Ministry of Health's lack of data regarding this population in relation to cervical cancer and HPV. We discuss the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), focusing on its transmission and pathophysiology, emphasizing its association with various types of cancer. It is essential to note that HPV infection is common, with the potential to remain latent for years and lead to cancer development. We also mention that our transgender population, including transgender men, is at risk due to high levels of sexual activity. Regarding methods to combat HPV and cervical cancer, we highlight the Ministry of Health's provision of free vaccination and cancer screening. However, we underscore the lack of awareness and specific healthcare policies for transgender men, making it difficult to assess exposure, lethality, and cervical lesion indicators in this group. Concerning cervical cytology in transgender men, we discuss the need to consider epithelial atrophy and the use of estrogen before the Pap smear examination. Finally, we emphasize the urgent need to include transgender men in cervical cancer screening policies and the creation of the "Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men in Rio Grande do Norte" project. This will allow for the collection of accurate epidemiological data and the development of appropriate public policies for this population.