Genomas de fungos tropicais: investigação de dados disponíveis com enfoque em elementos transponíveis - uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements, classified into retrotransposons (class I) or DNA transposons (class II). Although initially, for a long period, these elements were considered parasites or DNA without function, recently, studies involving the transposable elements in genomes point to their important role in the evolution of species. Nevertheless, there are cases documenting a correlation between the abundance of transposable elements and the host's lifestyle, as, for example, in mushrooms of the genus Amanita (HESS et al., 2014). Thus, currently, transposons are considered ubiquitous and vital components in almost all genomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Despite the growing evidence involving the importance of these elements, there is still little description involving their abundance and distribution, especially about fungal species. The present study aimed to understand the richness and distribution of the transposable elements in fungal species of basidiomycetes, trying to identify the genomic context where they are inserted. The work was carried out with the analysis of several articles that address the transposable elements through a bibliographical search in virtual research tools, such as Pubmed, SciELO, Scholar Google, and NCBI. In this way, it is concluded the importance of understanding and further studies about the roles that the transposition elements have played in evolution and how they shape life as we know it today, being of fundamental importance for the biological area.