Atenção sustentada na sala de aula: modulação da personalidade, emoção e cronotipo

Abstract

In the present study, a Sustained Attention Detection System was designed and validated from the Heart Rate Variability –VFC- (ADS-VHR1), in order to analyze the temporal variation of the heart pulses from the domains of time, frequency and entropy, over 60 minutes of classes with master methodology, and it was verified if Sustained Attention can be modulated by Personality, Emotion and Chronotype in university students. Twelve ADS-VHR1 systems were validated using long segments with Cardiac Pulse recordings, paired to a standard system, in a simple random sample, with three male volunteers. Subsequently, the Cardiac Pulses were recorded in a time of 60 minutes during 4 sessions of classes in a sample of 30 Nursing and Physiotherapy undergraduate students, with an average age of 25 ± 6,951. Subsequently, using a nonparametric procedure, it was verified how students psychological structure modulates the SA in classroom. In the exploratory analysis for the validation of the, a Cross-Correlation Coefficient of r=0.569 to r=0.996; an Intraclass Crosscorrelation of CCI=0.605 to CCI=0.998 and a Cronbach's Alpha of α=0.61 to α=0.99. The correspondence between the paired systems is confirmed by an analysis of variance. On the other hand, there were significant differences in HRV in the time series in the 60-minute window, in all its parameters (Time domain, Frequency and non-linear measurements), with a systematic reduction of heart rate to from the first 15 minutes until the end of classes. At the same time, there was no significant intra-group difference in any psychological measure associated with HRV. However, for Chronotype, in the 40th minute there is a difference with respect to the High Frequency band [χ²=9,853(3), p=0,020] and there is a significant difference between the Vespertino and Matutino groups [H=-20,1 (DV=-2.73), p=0.038]. The validity and reliability of ADS-VHR1 is demonstrated for what it was designed. It is concluded that the time of Attention Sustained in the university students has an important physiological activation in the first 15 minutes of a class. It was also verified that the Chronotype modulates, although in a diffuse way, the Sustained Attention in the university students in the classroom. It is recommended to continue with the studies.