Análise do viroma seminal humano e suas implicações na fertilidade masculina: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Infertility affects millions of couples in reproductive age worldwide, with a male factor being a primary or contributing cause in approximately 50% of cases. Male infertility is a complex multifactorial pathological condition with highly heterogeneous phenotypic presentations. In this scenario, infections of the male genital tract are one of the main etiological factors, making the study of the pathogens that affect the semen of paramount importance to determine the fertility and health of men. However, there are still no defined panels to determine them in seminal samples. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the seminal virome based on more than 1,000 studies published in the last 5 years. It was possible to observe that the number of studies investigating the viruses that occur in human semen has increased and that, to date, they are mostly prospective or related to specific clinical findings. Through this analysis, we highlight the viruses with potential direct association with seminal parameters and propose a panel with the main viruses that can exert some type of impairment in male fertility and health.