Mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: perfil e percepções sobre o cuidado ofertado em uma maternidade-escola pública

Abstract

The violence against women is a product of a historical construction that reinforces over the years the woman's figure as a submissive object, which weakens and exposes them to numerous aggressions in all fields of social life. This issue has become a serious public health problem, and constitutes a crime of human rights violation, since it is associated with risks of physical and mental health problems, as well as with a higher frequency of health services being required. This study aimed to investigate the profile of women victims of sexual violence assisted in a Public Maternity School and the post-violence care offered by this institution, highlighting the aspects that composes the context of sexual violence. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach, using documentary research and semi-structured interviews. The documentary part was based on the medical records of sexually assaulted women who received care in the researched institution in the period between the years 2015 and 2020. And the interviews provided the listening of sexually assaulted women who received care in the service in 2021, seeking to understand the care offered from the perspective of this group. The processing of the collected data was carried out from the analysis of the real, in a critical way, through descriptive statistics and content analysis. It was possible to verify that the profile of the women assisted is composed of young, black, with low education levels, and that sometimes they have already been raped at other times. It is highlighted as positive perceptions about the researched institution the fact that it is a reference in the state of Rio Grande do Norte; the motivation of women to seek health care; the support, protection and guidance; the understanding and enabling of rights; the speed and agility of care; and the realization of legal abortion in the service itself. Regarding the challenges, it shows the need for preparation of the assistance team; a space with appropriate conditions for humanized and multiprofessional care; the women's fear of institutional violence; and the low adherence to prophylaxis and emergency contraception. The results found indicates the relevance of the debate on the topic of comprehensive health care for women victims of sexual violence, as well as the need to expand the promotion of public policies directed towards this population segment.