Análise de viabilidade da substituição do combustível utilizado em uma frota de veículos de uma distribuidora de energia

Abstract

The need for sustainable development is a global concern, and Brazil is part of this debate. The transport sector is one of the main responsible for emissions of polluting gases, and the transition to a cleaner energy matrix is fundamental to the preservation of natural resources and the quality of life of future generations. The objectives of this study include the financial, technical and environmental analysis of replacing diesel and ethanol with CNG in an energy distributor's vehicle fleet. To perform the analyses, supply and maintenance data were collected in the company's fleet management system. Afterwards, the data was processed and the indicators were calculated, which made it possible to discuss and conclude regarding the viability of the replacement. The financial analysis revealed that the expected annual savings are more than 1 million reais, in both cases, even considering additional maintenance costs and regulatory obligations. Furthermore, the return on investment (ROI) of 456% when compared to ethanol and 502% when compared to diesel, and the payback of 7.9 months replacing ethanol and 6.39 months replacing diesel, indicate financial viability positive. From a technical point of view, the autonomy of CNG vehicles is lower than that of vehicles powered by diesel and ethanol, requiring more frequent refueling and better elaborate logistical planning. However, the existing supply infrastructure and the necessary adaptations are manageable, and the impact of the space occupied by gas cylinders is not very relevant due to the operational needs of the vehicles. The environmental benefits of replacing diesel and ethanol with CNG are considerable. Reducing emissions of CO2, CO, HC, NOx and particulate matter contributes significantly to improving air quality and mitigating climate change. Reducing atmospheric pollutant emissions has a direct positive impact on public health, reducing the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This benefit not only improves citizens' quality of life, but also contributes to reducing public health costs, promoting a healthier environment for the population. The resulting operational savings, improved air quality and positive impacts on public health highlight CNG as a viable and sustainable alternative. It is concluded that, despite the challenges to be faced, it is recommended that the company replace the fuels used with CNG, even if gradually, aiming for all the benefits and advantages mentioned.