Aplicabilidade da ultrassonografia cinesiológica (USC) em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Objective: To identify the applicability of kinesiological ultrasound (USC) in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This is an integrative review, developed in six stages: elaboration of the guiding question, search and sampling in the literature; data extraction; critical analysis of the included studies; interpretation of the results; presentation and synthesis of knowledge. The search was carried out in the databases: Pubmed, Scopus, LILACS, SciElo and PEDro, in September 2024. The selection of studies was conducted by two independent reviewers. Data analysis was performed using flowcharts, tables, charts and figures. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 3,217 publications were identified, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. The included studies presented high (62.5%) and moderate (37.5%) methodological quality. Three studies evaluated pulmonary USC using the Lung Ultrasound score (LUS score) protocol, where a high incidence of pulmonary complications was observed in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Four studies analyzed diaphragmatic USC, which identified a high incidence of dysfunction and changes in diaphragm mobility. Only one study investigated the quadriceps muscle, showing reduced muscle mass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Ultrasound findings were associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, with no relationship to mortality. Conclusion: USC is a useful tool in the early detection of pulmonary complications, diaphragmatic dysfunction and reduced muscle mass in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery.