Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor atendidos no Centro Especializado em Reabilitação - CER III

Abstract

Introduction: Neuropsychomotor development is a complex and sequenced process, which involves physical and neurological changes, since conception. Such changes are the result of genetic, biological, environmental, social, affective and psychological interactions. The first years of life are considered fundamental for the life cycle, therefore, delayed neuropsychomotor development (ADNPM) must be investigated by analyzing established factors, with continuous monitoring being essential, with periodic assessments, in order to promote the child's development. and define an appropriate diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of pediatric patients with delayed neuropsychomotor development treated at the Specialized Rehabilitation Center III in the interior of Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, which was carried out at CER III located in Caicó - RN, with a number of 90 participants, from September to November 2023, in which medical records of children under 6 were analyzed years of age with ADNPM, showing sociodemographic and clinical data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by reading the absolute (N) and relative frequencies (%), as well as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentage, presented in tables and graphs, using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: In sociodemographic data, there is a predominance of males (70%), distributed across different ages with an average of 3.76±1.18 years, with the majority being low-income and having their parents as their main caregiver (84.4%). Regarding clinical analysis, 81.1% of patients were born at term, by cesarean section (76.7%), with the main cause of ADNPM being Autism Spectrum Disorder, where 65.6% have a clinical diagnosis of ASD. Regarding the therapies carried out, speech therapy was the most frequent, followed by psychological, psychopedagogical, occupational and physiotherapeutic therapies, where 42.2% have been monitored for one year. Conclusion: The present study allowed us to visualize the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with delayed neuropsychomotor development treated at CER III, with a predominance of males, with varying ages, the majority coming from low-income families, the majority of patients have the parents themselves as the main caregiver. From a clinical point of view, it was observed that the majority of patients were born at term, the main causes of ADNPM were related to ASD with predominant clinical diagnoses of ASD. Given these conclusions, it is essential to emphasize the importance of the Center specialized in rehabilitation-CER III as an essential commitment in the maternal and child health care network, especially for children with disabilities.