Granulação de biomassa Anammox para remoção de nitrogênio: uma revisão

Abstract

Efficient nitrogen removal is essential to mitigate eutrophication in aquatic environments. TheAnammox process has emerged as a sustainable alternative by reducing operational costs andminimizing sludge production. However, the slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria hindersits large-scale application. In this context, Anammox biomass granulation is a promisingapproach, as it improves microbial retention and treatment efficiency. This study presents aliterature review on the factors influencing Anammox granule formation — includinghydraulic retention time, solid retention time, hydrodynamic shear force, inoculum sludgetype, extracellular polymeric substances, and the presence of inorganic ions. The analysis ofthese factors revealed that their proper adjustment enhances the stability and performance ofgranular biomass. However, industrial-scale application still faces challenges, particularly indefining the optimal ranges for these operational parameters. The need for further research tooptimize granulation and expand the use of the Anammox process in real systems is evident.