IDHM: uma análise e visualização de dados do desenvolvimento humano nos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil)

Abstract

Nowadays, characterized by social demands ever-increasing, social indicators analysis is a significant tool for the assessment of well-being and quality of people's lives, whether at national or local level. Created in 1990 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Human Development Index (HDI) countries, is a synthetic indicator that ranges from 0 to 1 on the HDI ranges Very Low, Low, Medium, High to Very High, recognized and accepted in most of the world. To verify this reality at the regional level, UNDP developed the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) in order to assess the social reality in Brazilian municipalities. It was identified in this work the opportunity to develop an exploratory data analysis of social indicators in education, longevity and income dimensions that compose the IDHM in the 167 municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in 1991, 2000 and 2010, through an applied and explanatory research, a quantitative approach based on bibliographic references, developed by means of modeling neural networks SOM, starting from the social indicators database of the Atlas of Municipal Human Development in Brazil. The application of the clustering method using self-organizing maps allowed the identification of five groups and similarities between the groups of municipalities. The tests of hypotheses identify significant differences between groups. Associated with descriptive techniques such as targeting quintiles, development rates and gap reduction, the results of segmentation identified the different advances and proportions of inequalities among municipalities in their regions, viewed through thematic maps of Rio Grande do Norte. These results may contribute to the understanding of regional social reality and the consequent pursuit of improving the quality of life of citizens.