Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional para formação de enfermeiros do transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas sobre o Programa Paciente Experto

Abstract

Educational technologies (ET) are facilitating instruments in the educational process of chronic patients such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and their families. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate new ET in teaching strategies for Nurses in order to equip them with knowledge and skills to teach patients about the proper management of their health condition, so that they can assume an active and leadership role through shared and collaborative management with professionals related to their health condition. From this perspective, the present study aimed to develop an educational technology for training hematopoietic stem cell transplant nurses on the Expert Patient Program. This is a methodological study with a mixed approach, carried out in 2022, based on Pasquali's psychometry, organized into three procedures: theoretical, for which a focus group was held with seven Nurses who work in the Bone Marrow Transplant sector of a reference hospital, in addition to a review of the scope of the contents addressed in the guidelines for teaching self-care in the context of posttransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells; empirical procedures for the construction of TE based on the Instructional System Design (ISD) model, known by the acronym ADDIE: analysis (analysis), design (drawing), development (development), implementation (implementation) and evaluation (evaluation), in addition to the support of free tools available on the internet; content and appearance validation through the Delphi technique and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) criteria, in two rounds, with the collaboration of 18 judges in the first round and 11 judges in the second, all with experience in the area in question; and analytical procedures, intended for data analysis with calculation of the Content Validation Coefficient. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, under Certificate of Ethical Appreciation nº 55774621.5.0000.5537 and is aligned with the project entitled “Nursing in health care: contributions from advanced practice and the expert patient program for user empowerment” approved in Notice No. 47/2017 CAPES/PRINT. The focus group was carried out in 20 minutes, when the saturation of responses was reached, and the nurses addressed some of the content necessary for discharge instructions, the main complaints of the patient when returning to the outpatient clinic, the reasons for seeking primary care and urgency and emergency by the patient. With the data from the focus group and the scope review, TE was built, a course in Google Classroom, which was submitted to the judges for validation. In the Delphi I round, 0.81 was reached in the general content validity coefficient, while in appearance validation, for the SAM criteria, an index of 0.80 was obtained. After adjustments proposed by the judges, in the Delphi II round, the content validation indexes reached a total of 0.87 and appearance equal to 0.88. Thus, the TE was considered valid in its content and appearance. It is expected that the ET “Expert Patient: training course for nurses who work in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation services”, will become an instrument for building and consolidating knowledge and that nurses will be able to recognize and train future Expert Patients. And I served to train nurses in other spaces and contexts.