Avaliação de marcadores laboratoriais em pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019, symptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2, was an emerging disease in 2019 that, to date, has reached millions of positive cases. When monitoring the most debilitated patients, there is a need to investigate the clinical evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, requiring a practical method to ascertain the prognosis of these patients. In this context, the evaluation of biochemical markers is a consolidated method in the routine of the clinical laboratory, presenting speed, excellent cost-benefit, availability and broad performance in the investigation of diseases, identifying, by finding changes in their concentrations, worrying dysfunctions in body tissues. Thus, this study aims to better understand the relationship between changes in the concentrations of some inflammatory biochemical markers, markers of renal function, markers of cardiovascular function and markers of liver function with the disease by comparing the concentrations found in 1088 patients diagnosed positive for COVID- 19 with reference values for normality. This investigation was carried out through retrospective, descriptive, documentary and exploratory research, using data from a private clinical analysis laboratory, from June 2020 to June 2021.. In this study, pathological deviations from normality were found in markers of liver function, cardiovascular function, renal function, coagulation and inflammatory markers, inferring the possibility of a multifocal activity of the virus in the bodies of those infected. Among these, CRP, D-dimer, ALT, creatinine and urea were altered in more than half of the individuals studied, possibly having a relationship with the disease, presenting increases in their concentrations compared to reference values, unlike CPK, which had means lower than those reference values. On the other hand, bilirubin and myoglobin do not appear to have serum concentrations outside the reference standards during COVID-19, being altered in less than 7% of the patients studied. The electrolytes had means within the normal range, however, a deviation from their normal concentrations was observed in a portion of the patients studied. It is expected that this work will contribute to previous studies on the subject, expanding the sample size of available patients to give credibility to the use of biochemical markers in monitoring the progression of the disease in infected patients.