Mapa de ruído como ferramenta para o planejamento territorial a partir da análise da população exposta: estudo de caso na área de influência da Rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230) na região metropolitana de João Pessoa/PB

Abstract

The absence of adequate urban planning in cities has contributed to the aggravation of noise pollution, in the ranking of pollution that causes the greatest impact on the population. One of the most important tools for the assessment and management of environmental noise is noise mapping, as it supports decision-making on land use planning. In the context of urban expansion in Brazil, in 1972, the third largest highway in the country, the Transamazonica Highway BR-230, was inaugurated. As a result of this construction, there were changes in urban areas, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Joao Pessoa, located in the State of Paraiba. This study aimed to analyze the population's exposure to vehicular traffic noise and evaluate urban planning criteria to mitigate this exposure, having as a case study the area of influence of the Transamazonica Highway BR-230, in the Metropolitan Region of Joao Pessoa-PB. The research used the method of quantitative approach, through data prospecting (modeling, simulations and statistical analysis), followed by reading and interpreting the crossing of information collected in the field with the results obtained in computer simulations. After evaluating the traffic noise present in the study area, interventions were carried out to mitigate the identified excess noise. The hypothetical scenarios showed satisfactory results when the elements used were acoustic barriers and/or slopes. The combination of these elements with the use of porous pavement to cover the ground showed the best results in all cuts. The 10 km/h reduction in the average vehicle speed did not have a significant influence on the attenuation of the noise emitted by the BR-230. Despite the use of noise attenuating elements, people exposed to noise levels above the limits recommended by the standard continued to be present in the clippings. The results found in the research instigate revisions in federal, state and municipal norms and laws and contribute to reflections on urban planning.