Correlação dos índices radiomorfométricos e o risco de fratura osteoporótica em idosos

Abstract

One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in individuals aged 60 years and over is bone fracture as a consequence of osteoporosis. It is known that low bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor for these fractures, with bone densitometry being the gold standard test for the diagnosis of BMD. Since the exam is expensive and not accessible for most of the Brazilian population, alternative methods such as radiomorphometric indices obtained by the panoramic radiographs analysis have been used to aid in the early identification of the low BMD, acting as a possible screening of patients with high risk of osteoporotic bone fracture. In this perspective, this research aimed to evaluate bone FR in the elderly through the clinical fracture tool FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) and to investigate its association with radiomorphometric indices, obtained from panoramic radiography, related to BMD. It was an observational cross-sectional and association study, 70 elderly people of both sexes were evaluated in which underwent panoramic radiograph at the Dental Imaging Service of the Department of Dentistry of UFRN. The images were analyzed by a trained researcher with experience in radiographic interpretation. The application of the FRAX tool, as well as obtaining the anamnesis was performed at the same time. It was observed that the sample consisted mainly of women, with a median age of 68.5 years. The risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) presented a median of 4.2%, and the risk of hip fracture (HF) 1.3%. In order to verify the associations between fracture risk and the independent variables of the study, the Pearson and Mann-Whitney correlation tests were used. There was a statistically significant association (p <0.05) between fracture risk and mental index (MI), age of menopause and time of menopause. It is concluded that mandibular cortices with thinner thicknesses measured by MI may represent an increased risk of osteoporotic bone fracture.