Caracterização química e toxicológica de extratos de Turnera subulata e Licania rigida benth e seus efeitos sobre a resposta inflamatória e hemostasia

Abstract

Inflammation is composed of a vascular and a cellular reaction, conferring different tissue and cell responses, both in the intravascular and extravascular environments. As the inflammatory process occurs, the coagulation protease thrombin (FIIa), can trigger several cellular responses in vascular biology and, therefore, activation of other biological systems is often observed, leading to complications such as thrombosis. Thus, molecules that can modulate these events are interesting models for the development of new antiinflammatory drugs. In this context, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants stand out, since they can interact with several proteins involved in important biological processes, including inflammation and coagulation. For this reason, this study aimed to chemically and toxicologically characterize the plant extracts of two species of the Caatinga Biome (Turnera subulata and Licania rigida Benth), as well as to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant potentials of the extracts. The extracts were obtained after the collection and drying of plant material with subsequent aqueous and alcoholic extraction, followed by rotaevaporation and lyophilization. Turnera subulata and Licania rigida Benth extracts presented phenolic compounds as the main phytocomponents (flavonols-3-Oglycosylated), as well as vitexin, ferulic acid, octadecatrienoic acid, amino acids and others. Regarding toxicity, all extracts showed low toxicological effects, as well as anticoagulant potential through direct thrombin inhibition (~80-90%) and indirect, mediated by the heparin cofactor II (~70%). On inflammation, the extracts showed a significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β (~70-75%) and increase effects on IL-10 secretion (~15-20%), in addition to be able to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (~80%) and nitric oxide (~65%). Thus, the results exhibited by the extracts point to these as a pharmacological target with perspectives for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.