Influência do título de anticorpos anti-D na gravidade da Eritroblastose Fetal

Abstract

Erythroblastosis Fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a disease caused by maternal antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack the red blood cells of the fetus and newborn. The severity of the disease is variable, being able to present a slight increase of bilirubin in milder cases or lead to the death of the fetus or newborn. The anti-D antibody still is the most prevalent in cases of erythroblastosis fetalis and its influence over the severity of the disease is still debated. With the aim of discussing how the anti-D antibody titer influences the severity of the disease, this review searched scientific articles in the literature that presented information about this relation. The articles were collected from the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), published between 2014 and 2024. The screening of the collected articles was done using the Rayyan tool, and after analyzing the compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 articles were included, which presented the anti-D titer, test results, treatments used and the outcome of the fetus and newborns. The results indicated a possible correlation between the increase of the anti-D antibody titer and the severity of the disease through a reduction of hemoglobin, increase of reticulocyte count and increase of bilirubin concentration, together with the possibility of causing other complications. Therefore, the influence of the anti-D antibody can be considered, however, robust studies are necessary for a detailed assessment of the relation between the titer and the severity of the disease and/or its influence on other important parameters for the outcome of the fetus and the newborn