Modelos BIM para a documentação do patrimônio arquitetônico do sertão paraibano: o art déco sertanejo em Patos-PB

Abstract

Currently, one of the most threatened material assets is architecture, mainly due to real estate speculation, the actions of man, bad weather, among many other factors related to the lack of incentives for preservation. Some authors point out that the main causes of loss of historical assets lie in the lack of accurate and clear registration, thus pointing to traditional techniques as tools that have become insufficient in architectural registration for the documentation of historical assets both at national level by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) and at state level by the State Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAE). Faced with the current scenario of losses in our country's historical-architectural heritage, it is necessary to use new tools to document historic buildings, with a view to improving traditional systems, since the current ones are slow and limited in the technical recording of historic assets. In this way, given the lack of a fast and detailed documentation system that can act in the management of historical-architectural heritage at both national (IPHAN) and state (IPHAE) level, this research aims to develop, on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform, a documentation tool for the preservation of historic buildings with a focus on popular art deco style buildings in the city of Patos in the Sertão-PB. To achieve the objective of this study, the Design Science Research (DSR) research method was applied, used in the methodology of Design Science (DS), which is a science that seeks to create new artifacts in the investigation of solutions to solve problems and improve existing systems. Thus, the research unfolded in 6 stages for the development of a historical-architectural documentation tool with a view to improving the traditional systems for recording historic buildings; (1) Awareness: defining the problem and the first bibliographic studies (studies on the BIM platform and the relevance of Sertanejo art deco); (2) Suggestion: collecting data and studying the premises to propose a solution (developing the documentation tool, the template in BIM); (3) Development: creating the artifact proposed in the previous stage, justifying the choice of tool for its design and how it will be evaluated (Template in BIM REVIT software); (4) Evaluation; detailing how the artifact will be evaluated (the template will be evaluated using two methods of evaluation of artifacts of the method (DSR), descriptive and experimental; (5) Conclusion: finalization of the artifact, in which the data will be analyzed, consolidated and recorded; and (6) Learning: contributions of the work. To achieve the stated objective, Autodesk Revit software was used to develop the BIM models of the façade elements of the art deco sertanejo buildings, plus a base file making up the proposed tool (the Art deco sertanejo Template). The results achieved through the use of the template developed in the study area showed some of the potential of BIM technology in the historical-architectural documentation of the Sertão Paraibano (art deco sertanejo), such as: the integration of information into a single model; speed and control in the documentation of art deco sertanejo buildings; and the identification of pathologies and losses. The contributions of this research were not limited only to the potential of the BIM tool developed, thus documenting the art deco elements present on the façades of hundreds of popular art deco buildings in the city of Patos-PB, through the standard template developed with the families (façade elements), containing qualitative, quantitative and parametric information.