Estratégias não farmacológicas para o alívio da dor em recém nascidos com desconforto respiratório: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Neonatal pain is a major challenge and its association with respiratory disease adds to the complexity and management of our cases. This study, an integrative review, analyzed the effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies in the management of pain in neonates with respiratory distress. The search was conducted in the PUBMED, LILACS and Cochrane Library databases using the descriptors neonates, preterm infants, respiratory distress and pain management. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten articles were selected for analysis. The results show that methods such as the kangaroo method, non-nutritive sucking, facilitated swaddling and the administration of glucose or sucrose are practical interventions for interrupting pain during minor procedures that also contribute to reducing neonatal distress. In addition, complementary strategies such as massage and music therapy have been shown to be beneficial for the physical and emotional well-being of neonates. Despite the benefits, some approaches may lead to different outcomes due to cultural, clinical and infrastructural factors. Less invasive breathing techniques such as NCPAP and surfactant administration have also been developed to reduce discomfort, although they do not completely eliminate the associated pain. We conclude that the integration of nonpharmacological strategies is essential for more holistic neonatal care and that it is important to invest in research investigating the combined effectiveness of these interventions and in the training of medical staff.