Desenvolvimento de uma órtese de mão com fixação rápida e intercambiável de utensílios para pacientes com ELA e com déficit do movimento de preensão

Abstract

Neuromotor diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), progressively impair patients' autonomy, making it difficult to perform essential daily activities. The lack of accessible and adaptable devices to assist these patients increases their dependence on caregivers, directly affecting their quality of life. This study aims to develop a modular hand orthosis, produced using 3D printing, to provide greater independence for these individuals. The device was designed to allow quick and interchangeable attachment of utensils, adapting to the specific needs of each patient. The study methodology was structured into three main stages. During the Research phase, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify the motor needs of ALS patients and gaps related to the use of orthoses. In the Design phase, the virtual model of the orthosis was developed using Fusion 360 software, with finite element simulations to test the structural strength of the model. In the Development phase, the prototype was produced with Polylactic Acid (PLA) for the structure and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) for the coupling system, ensuring durability and flexibility. Preliminary results indicate that the modular orthosis meets functionality and usability requirements, facilitating activities such as handling cutlery and toothbrushes. Tests conducted with control groups could confirm its effectiveness in promoting functional independence, enabling its future inclusion in public health programs. It is concluded that the development of this orthosis represents a significant advancement in assistive technologies, offering an accessible and adaptable solution for various patient needs. The next step involves clinical evaluations to enable its implementation in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), promoting greater autonomy and quality of life for individuals with ALS and other neuromotor conditions.