Assédio moral com trabalhadores de enfermagem na contemporaneidade: uma questão de gênero

Abstract

The history of nursing contributes to the understanding of its roots, permeating the trajectory of care, and thus, facilitating the understanding of the contemporary characteristics of work. Therefore, this look at history refers to the sociocultural role of this category, which is mostly made up of female workers, maintaining cultural heritages that structure the profession. In this way, we have a category that reproduces actions and values equally inherent to the feminine and, consequently, experiences the oppressions imposed on the class by an antiquated and prejudiced culture, originating from the beginning of its formation. As a result, aspects of the work environment that permeate violence, such as moral harassment, are observed. Thus, the objective was to analyze moral harassment towards nursing workers in contemporary times and the issue of gender. This is a study of a hypothetical deductive method, as a methodological, quantitative and statistical procedure, making it possible to cross-reference responses and verify hypotheses. Data collection will take place in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, through electronic interviews, via Forms, with nursing workers who are linked to health institutions. To analyze the data, Software R was used. Next, an analysis will be carried out to verify the associations between the variables. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, respecting all ethical premises for studies with human beings. In the results, a total of 44 health professionals participated in the study, 22 females and 22 males. This equal sample was due to the need to try to answer the research's guiding question. In this research, the sample was intentionally carried out with the aim of ensuring that the number of responses was equal between men and women, to try to understand moral harassment between genders. The associations between age, length of service, who the harassers are in contemporary times, perception of moral harassment and the gender that suffers most from this violence were analyzed. During the discussion, it was observed that young workers, with little experience and recently hired, are those who suffer the most from moral harassment. Another perception was about harassers, which in contemporary times is still the most common downward harassment. Another point, there is a hypothetical possibility that, based on the research associations, moral harassment in nursing may be linked to gender. It is concluded that they have weaknesses in understanding and identifying the characteristics of what is or is not moral harassment, often going unnoticed in the day-to-day activities of services, thus making the reliability of the research difficult. It is still confirmed that the culture in which nursing is down on hierarchy and submission. This reality and other findings in the research contribute to the hypothesis that bullying in nursing is associated with gender.