Computação desplugada como abordagem para implementação do pensamento computacional no ensino fundamental

Abstract

Computational Thinking (CP) has been alluded to as one of the ways to encourage the development of essential skills for people in the 21st century, such as problem-solving skills, collaborative work and creativity. The National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) points out that CT involves problem-solving skills in a methodical and systematic way. The process of implementing the teaching of CT in schools is still in an embryonic stage, in view of the recent approval and homologation of the Norms on Computing in Basic Education, in Brazil. In addition, several difficulties and challenges arise for this implementation to take place, such as the lack of teachers trained in CT, the lack of training courses in CT for teachers, the lack of adequate infrastructure in schools to allow the use of available tools, among others. In view of this, in order to collaborate with the feasibility of implementing the teaching of CT in the early years of Elementary School, this research seeks to understand the contributions of carrying out unplugged activities with fifth grade students in a public school, in order to minimize the difficulties of implementation due to lack of infrastructure. In view of this, in order to collaborate with the feasibility of implementing the teaching of CT in the early years of Elementary School, this research seeks to understand the contributions of carrying out unplugged activities with fifth grade students in a public school, in order to minimize the difficulties of implementation due to lack of infrastructure. For this, we have the following specific objectives: i) search for unplugged computing resources available for free that can be used in research; ii) develop didactic strategies with unplugged computing activities as a method or tool for inserting PC teaching in the 5th grade curriculum; iii) carry out interventions in the classroom with the developed strategies; iv) evaluate the results obtained from the use of the elaborated strategies; v) to develop didactic material for teaching Computational Thinking in the fifth year of Elementary School. In this sense, the general objective is to develop didacticpedagogical strategies so that teachers in the early years of Elementary School can teach PC using unplugged activities. For this, we have the following specific objectives: i) search for unplugged computing resources available for free that can be used in research; ii) develop didactic strategies with unplugged computing activities as a method or tool for inserting PC teaching in the 5th grade curriculum; iii) carry out interventions in the classroom with the developed strategies; iv) evaluate the results obtained from the use of the elaborated strategies; v) to develop didactic material for teaching Computational Thinking in the fifth year of Elementary School. The research fits into the area of human sciences, with an interdisciplinary characteristic between the areas of Computing and Education. It is characterized as a qualitative approach, of an applied and interventionist nature, based on action research. Data were obtained from the application of didactic-pedagogical strategies in a public school, for which an observation was made about the activities carried out by the students and questionnaires were applied. The research results show the possibility of promoting the teaching of CT based on unplugged activities, considering that students were able to develop the CT skills explored during the interventions. As a final product, didactic material was prepared, contemplating a set of unplugged activities, aimed at teachers in the early years of elementary school.