Avaliação da fibra calotropis procera modificada para remoção de petróleo na superfície da água

Abstract

Biossorbents have been highlighted as an alternative method to removal of contaminants from spills or leaks of oil and its derivatives, once that they are biodegradable, are highly available, low cost and have a good sorption capacity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the Calotropis procera (CP) fiber in natura state, as well as, to treated sodium chloride (CPNaCl), sodium hydroxide (CPNaOH), sodium chlorite (CPNaClO2) and thermal in water (CPTA), followed by heat treatment, for use as biossorbent of material for crude oil cleaning, removal and recovery. Initially, a thermogravimetric analysis is performed to identify the degradation temperature of the fiber, thus, a CP intended to be treated at temperatures of 150 °C and 200 °C for time 1h, 2h and 3h. Fiber structures were investigated and compared using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG). The sorption capacity test results indicated better results when the fibers were 1440min in contact with crude oil. The CP in- natura achieves sorption capacity of about 75 times or its own weight (76.32 g/g), in addition, an increase in sorption was observed for all treated fibers, being a CPTNaOH200°C1h that reached the best values of sorption 127.77g/g and 192.67g/g, dried and selected. After the validation, study of the selected variables CPTNaOH200°C1h the most desirable for both dry and less difficult systems, converging the real result and the predicted for the following oil sorption maximization conditions. The CPTNaOH200°C1h fiber and as more fibers demonstrate high sorption performance can be used in the future as promising alternatives for intermediate oil crude removal in liquids and water surface leaks, given its good oil / water selectivity, hydrophobicity, oleophility, high availability and excellent oil sorption property.