O papel das periferias em processo de capitalização na ordem e convenção urbana da produção do espaço do Natal/RN (2000-2020)

Abstract

In recent decades, there is an understanding that significant transformations have been percolating, in general, certain peripheral spaces in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions, among which we highlight a phenomenon, in particular, which we call the Process of Capitalization of the Peripheries.This phenomenon, driven by residential incorporating capital and/or by commercial and service capital, always directly or indirectly assisted by State action, fosters impacts in the various fractions of space, whether political, economic or social, jointly or separately, which are reflected in the city's production in the face of urban regimes, real estate financialization and the expansion of bank credit to lower-income families. In Natal, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the Planalto neighborhoods, in the West Zone of the city, draw our attention; Igapó, Potengi and Pajuçara, in the North Zone, for their outstanding offer of residential real estate development projects and/or implementation and diversification of commerce and services with a global appearance, according to the capitalization process installed in their respective spaces, which underlines the emergence of an appreciation of the land-location of the referred neighborhoods in the order and urban convention of this city. Therefore, with a focus on incorporating capital, which behaves as a master of urban residential spatial coordination, our general objective is to understand the role of Peripheries in Capitalization Processes (PPC's), in the order and urban convention of space production in Natal, in the period from 2000 to 2020. Methodologically, we carried out bibliographical, documental and field research, observing the PPCs of Natal, the geographic distribution of the capitalization elements of/in space, responses to questionnaires and interviews and Propositional Discourse Analysis to assist in the interpretation of the contents. With an eminently geographic perspective, combined with the interdisciplinary vision necessary for data analysis, the socioeconomic-spatial discussion under a dialectical approach leads us to the conclusion that the PPCs, in Natal, perform several important functions in the social, political and marketing spheres. In this context, the thesis that we defend is that in the spatial coordination of the city (urban order and convention), the PPCs represent fields of possibilities for capital accumulation and realization of the desires and needs of the new working class, in addition to housing, conducted by the city's urban regime.