Análise de atributos sísmicos aplicada à bacia rifte: estado da arte, metodologia e estudo de caso

Abstract

The Potiguar Basin extends eastward in the northeasternmost region of Brazil, encompassing the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. It is a rift basin whose origin and evolution are associated with the lithospheric rupture process that led to the formation of Brazil's Equatorial Atlantic margin. Structurally, the basin's framework consists of a set of asymmetric grabens oriented in a northeast-southwest direction. The Potiguar Basin is one of Brazil's main hydrocarbon-producing regions. Structural analysis of the onshore portion of the Potiguar Basin contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolution of structures in the region and the potential development of strategies to enhance hydrocarbon exploration. This analysis is based on seismic data, employing seismic attributes as tools to support seismic-geological interpretation. The aim is to understand the tectonic evolution of rift basins, highlighting the structures present and examining how they influence hydrocarbon migration pathways and storage. This understanding can have a significant impact on exploration efforts. The data analyzed in this study are located in the southwestern portion of the onshore Potiguar Basin, focusing on the Baixa Grande fault, and include the 3D seismic volume R0252_LIVRAMENTO_R_PRETO_MERGE. The PaleoScan software was used for processing, applying filters and seismic attributes such as Structure Oriented Smooth, Envelope, Instantaneous Phase, Cosine Instantaneous Phase, Quadrature, and Seismic Relief. The application of filters and seismic attributes as interpretation tools proved essential for improving data quality and visualizing geological features. These tools enable the extraction of information between seismic events that may not be evident in the original data. When properly applied, they can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, highlight subtle lithological variations, enhance reflector continuity, and identify potential hydrocarbon traps. During data processing, the analysis of seismic filters and attributes plays a crucial role in geological characterization, increasing data resolution and highlighting structural and stratigraphic features. This application constitutes essential tools for identifying and detailing the structural and stratigraphic framework, as well as supporting subsequent seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretation.