Reincidência criminal, seus principais fatores de risco e reflexos na (re)integração social: uma análise a partir de estudo de caso na Penitenciária Estadual de Alcaçuz/RN

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze criminal recidivism and its main risk factors, while focusing on an understanding on how it affects the social reintegration of individuals. Therefore, this work was based on a case study conducted in Alcaçuz State Penitentiary, the largest male penitentiary of Rio Grande do Norte, considering a sample of 350 individuals serving a definitive sentence. From the mentioned sample, data was collected from the informational systems SIAPEN, SEEU, PJe and e-SAJ to verify whether individuals were or were not recidivists as well as to outline their profiles. Regarding the methodology, the research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, as well as bibliographic, relying on previously developed studies, legal doctrine, and national case law on the subject. Furthermore, the research incorporated qualitative and quantitative approaches, along with data collection through case study. The results of the present research indicate that recidivism, as a social phenomenon, results from various factors, among which are factors from the prison system itself, social and economic factors, and the growth and strengthening of criminal organizations. These factors not only contribute to criminal recidivism but also favor an increase in criminality and hinder the social reintegration of individuals. In this matter, this research highlights that recidivism is a reflection of the inefficiency of the prison system in fulfilling its rehabilitative function, but not only that, as rehabilitation, while being a fundamental goal to be aimed for, is not the exclusive responsibility of the State. It should also be pursued with the assistance of other social agents, especially civil society. Lastly, the present research emphasized the need to fulfill the objectives of the Penal Execution Law, in compliance with the principle of human dignity, and the development of integrative public policies in the criminal sphere, involving other areas of scientific knowledge and different social agents who are directly or indirectly involved, for effective social reintegration and mitigation of criminal recidivism.