Caracterização do óbito e fatores associados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto.

Abstract

Introduction: Mortality can be defined as the risk or probability that any person in the population has of dying as a result of a certain disease. According to data from the Ministry of Health, in 2022 there were 962,083 thousand hospital deaths in adults over 20 years of age in Brazil. Since the ICU, one of the sectors covered by the hospital scope, is characterized as a place intended for the hospitalization of serious patients, requiring continuous specialized management. The main cause of hospitalization in Brazilian ICUs is cardiovascular diseases, which are also the main cause of mortality. With an average length of hospitalization between 1 and 23 days and mortality rates ranging from 9.6% to 58%. Objective: to evaluate the mortality profile and the factors associated with it in patients admitted to an adult ICU during the years 2021 and 2022. Method: quantitative, descriptive study, with retrospective data evaluation. The search was carried out through a computerized database, organized by the institution's Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, with secondary data collected through the issued Death Certificates. These data were processed through Excel software for grouping and interpretation. Results: During the years 2021 and 2022, respectively, 132 deaths were obtained and a mortality rate of 9.63% in the first year and 123 deaths, with a mortality rate of 9.11% in the second year. The patients were characterized as male in 2021 and female in 2022. With a predominant age range of 56 to 65 years in the two years analyzed. Among the pathologies reported in the DOs analyzed in these two years, COVID-19, hypertension and AMI were obtained in 2021; and in 2022 the predominant number was related to AKI. Conclusion: The present study allows us to observe factors inherent to mortality in the institution analyzed, being a parameter for evaluating demands at state and national level, making us understand how patterns occur in different regions.