Estudo clínico-patológico de neoplasias ósseas: análise retrospectiva de 53 anos

Abstract

Introduction: Bone neoplasms comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise in different locations in the maxillofacial complex. Among these, osteoma (OT), osteoblastoma (OB) and osteosarcoma (OS) stand out as benign and malignant examples. To better understand the neoplastic development of these tumors, it is essential to evaluate their clinicopathological characteristics. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and investigate the clinical-radiographic and morphological particularities of OTs, OBs and OSs in a reference service in Oral Pathology. Methodology: This research carried out a cross-sectional, retrospective and observational analysis of the clinical-pathological findings of cases diagnosed at the Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Service of the Discipline of Oral Pathology at UFRN in the period from 1970 to 2023, which represent approximately 0.38% of cases of the sector. The cases belonging to the sample were evaluated and categorized according to their clinical-demographic, imaging and microscopic aspects. Subsequently, descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in order to obtain absolute and relative frequency data. Results: The commonly affected sex was female and the predominant anatomical location was the posterior region of the mandible. On radiographic evaluation, it was found that OTs present as radiopaque masses, while OBs and OSs often exhibit mixed stages of calcification. Regarding histopathological subtypes, there was a predominance of the compact, typical and osteoblastic pattern for OTs, OBs and OSs, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that knowledge about the demographic profile, imaging parameters and histopathological characteristics is crucial to improve the understanding of the various aspects related to bone neoplasms of gnathic sites. This perception is especially relevant for dental surgeons, especially due to the responsibility of these professionals to act in the adequate diagnosis of these conditions and, therefore, in establishing appropriate treatments that result in favorable prognoses for patients.