Estudos em diagnóstico, classificação e prognóstico de leucemias agudas por citometria de fluxo

Abstract

Introduction: The main acute leukemias (ALs) are lymphoid (ALL, B or T) and myeloid (AML), in addition to differentiated (Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, MPAL) and undifferentiated (acute undifferentiated leukemia, AUL), which are rarer. This variation reflects on therapy, requiring methods to characterize these leukemias. Thus, methods such as cytomorphology, solid in the literature, and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC), more recent, multiparametric and quantitative, help in the monitoring of these neoplasms. Objective: To carry out a retrospective study of immunophenotyping in 372 patients with AL. Methodology: Immunophenotyping using markers directed to lymphoid antigens (B, T and NK), myeloid, among others related to cellular immaturity, helping to detect LAs. At the same time, information such as age, sex, clinical data and previous hematological analyzes were correlated. Results: 372 cases of LA were analyzed between 2012 and 2016, among which there were 127 ALL, 72 ALL-B and 55 ALL-T, 239 AML, 4 LAB and 2 LAI. It was observed, corroborating the literature, that ALLs were more frequent in children and clinical and laboratory signs were more evident in cases of more mature ALL, whether T or B. In relation to AML, LAB and LAI, it was observed that they were malignancies. more frequent in adults, with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and bleeding as the most characteristic clinical parameters. In addition, regarding the classification of AMLs, a predominance of FAB subtypes M1, M2 and M4 was observed, in addition to a lower incidence of M7. Conclusion: When properly applied, FC can have a great impact on the diagnosis, classification and prognostic analysis of neoplastic processes.