Centro de parto normal peri-hospitalar: proposta arquitetônica para uma unidade adaptável

Abstract

Number of cesarean section in Brazil exceeds World Health Organization’s recommendation. To stimulate preference for natural childbirth, Brazilian Ministry of Health, among other measures, has encouraged improvement of buildings for obstetric and neonatal care services. These improvements prioritize user privacy and hospitality, aiming at humanizing care. In this context, the Peri-hospital Birth Center (PBC) has emerged as an establishment to perform natural childbirth, functionally linked to a reference hospital. This study aims at developing an architectural design of a PBC, able to adapt to different implantation and population contexts, emphasizing humanization and environmental comfort aspects. This project is intended to municipalities located in the coastal region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, inserted in bioclimatic zone 8. This work includes theoretical and methodological framework, addressing issues related to humanization, environmental comfort and adoption of model projects. It also presents empirical reference, studies of buildings used as reference to this proposal. Moreover, design concept, architectural programming, pre-sizing and architectural party are described in the architectural proposal preparation. Finally, it shows the evolution of the architectural proposal, which proposes a minimum unit with possibility of expansion to future demands. This proposal is also capable of deployment on land with different orientations, preserving the environmental conditions of comfort for users. The minimum unit, with 846,06m2, has 03 PPP rooms and 02 wards with shared accommodation. The activities are supported by minor administrative technical and logistical units. The minimum lot suggested for implementation is 48m x 60m, and accommodates the expansion of the unit to 1005,59m2 with 05 PPP rooms and 03 wards of shared accommodation. The group of rooms in different blocks allows the variation of its position in search of the best orientation conditions in relation to solar geometry and natural ventilation.