Mortalidade de mulheres vítimas de violência relacionada às desigualdades sociais e violência urbana no Brasil, 2000 a 2012

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil there is one of the highest rates of female homicides in the world. However, this magnitude cannot scale well because few population-based surveys have been developed in the country and studies, mostly occur in isolated form in the health and security service. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of mortality rates of gender violence in Brazil, in the period 2008-2012 and identify possible ecological and social determinants. Method: An ecological study in which the dependent variable was the mortality rate of women victims of violence aged 15 to 59 years. For the analysis of spatial autocorrelation between 161 Urban Articulation Regions (RAU) of Brazil were applied the Global Moran tests and location. The LISA and the Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the outcome variable and the independent variables (economic, demographic, gender inequality, poverty, social inequality, vulnerability and urban violence). Verification of the evolution of mortality of women, compared to men in the period 2000-2012, was carried out by joinpoint. Results: In the period from 2008 to 2012, 19,000 women died assault victims in Brazil, resulting in a coeficient of standardized average mortality of 5.9 deaths / 100,000 inhabitants. These women, most were young, single, black and uneducated. spatial autocorrelation was observed for women in aggression mortality (I = 0.4384; p = 0.01), with the highest concentration of deaths in the Southeast, the RAU Vitória, São Mateus and Colatina; the Northeast region in Teixeira de Freitas, Ilhéus-Itabuna, Arapiraca, Maceió and João Pessoa; in the North in Redenção and Marabá; in the South, in Curitiba and in the Midwest Region in Rio Verde. Urban violence showed a strong correlation with the mortality of women victims of violence (I = 0.38; r = 0.88; p <0.05). As for the economic and socio-demographic variables were weak or no correlation. Between the years 2000 to 2012 can be displayed to Brazil a growing trend of significant mortality of women for assault from 2007, like also found to urban violence. Conclusion: Among the variables associated with the event, there is the male mortality by aggression, indicating the importance of reducing the structural violence as protection of women against violence. Mortality from violence against women was not related to other surrounding features, what makes you think that really permeates class factors, race, education, religion and marital status.