Produção e caracterização de nanofibras de colágeno obtido da pele de tilápia (oreochromis niloticus) produzidas por fiação por sopro em solução

Abstract

Currently, it is imperative to demand the research and development of new materials and technologies that can be applied to the health area, specially in textiles and bio engineering technologies. Researches on nanotechnology and the development of biopolymers, with care and less environmental impact, is still limited, reinforcing the need for investigation and investment in the area. In this context, the present paper involves the production of nanofibers with clean and efficient techniques. The use of biodegradable, bioabsorbent and biocompatible polymers, using as raw materials hydrolysed colágen estracted from fish skin, (poly)ethylene oxide and Solution Blow spinning, for example, are the alternatives proposed for less environmental impact and functional optimization. Tilapia jelly is made using fish skin and acidic and alkaline hydrolyzed processes, with controlled temperature and pH then evaporated and freeze-dried. The fibers produced with Tilapia gelatin (GT) have an average diameter of 120 nm, being thinner to what they are produced in (poly)ethylene oxide (PEO) with an average diameter of 526 nm. Fibers with 75% PEO and 25% GT havefiber diameters averaging 236 nm, intermediate value between fibers produced mainly with GT or PEO. The solvents used as glacial acetic acid, alcohol 46º INPI and water were chosed having as the main criteria for low toxicity, high safety and ease of access. The Solution Blow Spinning technique was adapted in cabins so that environmental conditions and easy transport could be achieved, thinking about future applications that could be implemented outside of laboratory and academic environments. The viscosity of the solutions was knew and the best work zone identified. Thermograms of both GT and PEO indicate sensitivity to high temperatures with events ranging from ±45º C for gelatin and ±60º C for PEO with complete degradation of proteins and polymer until ±300.