Uso do resíduo industrial de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) para obtenção de produtos biotecnológicos

Abstract

Currently, the search for the full use of plant biomass residues has been considered necessary in the attention to the environment, as well as the reduction of costs and the valorization of these raw materials. Among these materials are agro-industrial waste widely used to obtain various products such as oil, extracts, and enzymes, among others. This study investigates the use of the characterized mangaba waste (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), highlighting its oil content, and using it as a substrate for the production of enzymes (lipase and pectinases). Solid-state fermentation (FES) using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger IOC 4003. Mangaba residue and its ethanolic extracts were evaluated for physicochemical and bioactive aspects, especially the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Among the evaluated enzymes, polygalacturonase was submitted to stability tests under different temperature and pH conditions and applied at a concentration of 1.0% in the clarification process of mangaba juice. It is noteworthy that the post-fermentation residue was used for lignin extraction that was applied to obtain chitosan biofilm, evaluating their antioxidant capacity as well as their capacity to increase the shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya) after coating. The results showed that mangaba residue has antioxidant activity with total phenolic compound concentrations of 564.1 ± 0.047 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extracted oil and Total Antioxidant Activity - TCA of 95.46 ± 1.58 mg equivalent of ascorbic acid / g residue. Furthermore, by FES it was possible to produce lipases (50.11 ± 0.02 U / g), pectinases (0.45 ± 0.01 U / g) and polygalacturonases (76.32 ± 0.11 U / g). The extract showed stability to PG activity above 80% for temperatures of 20 and 25 ° C, maintaining this activity level for up to 1 hour. However, with significant reduction at temperatures above 40 ° C. In relation to pH, PG activity was considerably reduced at alkaline pH and, at pH 4 and 5, PG kept its relative activity above 50% for up to 120 minutes. When applied with enzymatic load of 1.0 U / mL, the enzymatic extract presented satisfactory results in the clarification process of mangaba juice allowing a 34% reduction in turbidity and 11% viscosity. The 2% chitosan biofilms added with 0.1% and 0.05% (w / w) alkaline lignin showed antioxidant activity, based on the capture of the DPPH radical. The fruits coated with filmogenic solutions had their shelf lives increased. Thus, mangaba waste is presented as a low cost raw material with potential for the production of biotechnological products of interest to society.